Lipid Profile in Portuguese Obese Children and Adolescents: Interaction of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism With Adiponectin Levels.
Nascimento, Henrique Licenciatura; Silva, Leticia; Lourenco, Pedro; Weinfurterova, Radka PharmD; Castro, Elisabeth PhD; Rego, Carla MD; Ferreira, Helena MD; Guerra, Antonio MD, PhD; Quintanilha, Alexandre MD; Santos-Silva, Alice PhD; Belo, Luis PhD
[Article]
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
163(11):1030-1036, November 2009.
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Objective: To evaluate how the lipid profile associates with apolipoprotein (apo) E gene polymorphism, plasma adiponectin level, and body mass index (BMI) z score in Portuguese youth.
Design: Transversal cohort study.
Setting: Hospital de Sao Joao and Hospital de Criancas Maria Pia, Porto, Portugal, between May 2006 and March 2007.
Participants: One hundred thirty-eight obese children and adolescents (62 boys; mean age, 10.8 years [range, 4-16 years]). Participants were grouped according to (1) apo E polymorphism: presence of the apo E alleles 2 or 4 in E2 (n = 11) and E4 (n = 31) carriers, respectively, or as E3/E3 (n = 94) (carriers of E2/E4 [n = 2] were excluded from apo E analysis because they carry both alleles) and (2) BMI z score: group 1, BMI z score less than 2 (n = 31); group 2, BMI z score of 2 or more and less than 2.5 (n = 65); and group 3, BMI z score of 2.5 or more (n = 42).
Main Outcome Measures: Lipid variable comparisons between apo E polymorphism and BMI z score groups and influence of BMI z score and adiponectin level, adjusted for apo E polymorphism, on total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo A-I to apo B ratios.
Results: E4 carriers presented with a worse lipid profile when compared with E2 and E3/E3 carriers. There was also a clear risk of worsening for the group with the highest BMI z score. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, BMI z score, and adiponectin level were significantly associated with total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized [beta] coefficient = 0.283, 0.354, and -0.292, respectively; P < .001 for all) and apo A-I to apo B (standardized [beta] coefficient = -0.372, -0.284, and 0.327, respectively; P < .001 for all) ratios.
Conclusion: Our data suggest a more atherogenic lipid profile for some apo E genotypes and for increasing BMI z score, whereas adiponectin level seems to play a protective role.
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