Cost-Effectiveness of Defibrillator Therapy or Amiodarone in Chronic Stable Heart Failure: Results From the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT).
Mark, Daniel B. MD, MPH; Nelson, Charlotte L. MS; Anstrom, Kevin J. PhD; Al-Khatib, Sana M. MD; Tsiatis, Anastasios A. PhD; Cowper, Patricia A. PhD; Clapp-Channing, Nancy E. RN, MPH; Davidson-Ray, Linda MA; Poole, Jeanne E. MD; Johnson, George BSEE; Anderson, Jill RN; Lee, Kerry L. PhD; Bardy, Gust H. MD; for the SCD-HeFT Investigators
[Article]
Circulation.
114(2):135-142, July 11, 2006.
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Background-: In the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy significantly reduced all-cause mortality rates compared with medical therapy alone in patients with stable, moderately symptomatic heart failure, whereas amiodarone had no benefit on mortality rates. We examined long-term economic implications of these results.
Methods and Results-: Medical costs were estimated by using hospital billing data and the Medicare Fee Schedule. Our base case cost-effectiveness analysis used empirical clinical and cost data to estimate the lifetime incremental cost of saving an extra life-year with ICD therapy relative to medical therapy alone. At 5 years, the amiodarone arm had a survival rate equivalent to that of the placebo arm and higher costs than the placebo arm. For ICD relative to medical therapy alone, the base case lifetime cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios (discounted at 3%) were $38 389 per life-year saved (LYS) and $41 530 per quality-adjusted LYS, respectively. A cost-effectiveness ratio <$100 000 was obtained in 99% of 1000 bootstrap repetitions. The cost-effectiveness ratio was sensitive to the amount of extrapolation beyond the empirical 5-year trial data: $127 503 per LYS at 5 years, $88 657 per LYS at 8 years, and $58 510 per LYS at 12 years. Because of a significant interaction between ICD treatment and New York Heart Association class, the cost-effectiveness ratio was $29 872 per LYS for class II, whereas there was incremental cost but no incremental benefit in class III.
Conclusions-: Prophylactic use of single-lead, shock-only ICD therapy is economically attractive in patients with stable, moderately symptomatic heart failure with an ejection fraction <=35%, particularly those in NYHA class II, as long as the benefits of ICD therapy observed in the SCD-HeFT persist for at least 8 years.
(C) 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.
