The B73 Maize Genome: Complexity, Diversity, and Dynamics.
Schnable, Patrick S. 1,2,3,4,*; Ware, Doreen 5,6,*; Fulton, Robert S. 7,+; Stein, Joshua C. 6,+; Wei, Fusheng 8,+; Pasternak, Shiran 6; Liang, Chengzhi 6; Zhang, Jianwei 8; Fulton, Lucinda 7; Graves, Tina A. 7; Minx, Patrick 7; Reily, Amy Denise 7; Courtney, Laura 7; Kruchowski, Scott S. 7; Tomlinson, Chad 7; Strong, Cindy 7; Delehaunty, Kim 7; Fronick, Catrina 7; Courtney, Bill 7; Rock, Susan M. 7; Belter, Eddie 7; Du, Feiyu 7; Kim, Kyung 7; Abbott, Rachel M. 7; Cotton, Marc 7; Levy, Andy 7; Marchetto, Pamela 7; Ochoa, Kerri 7; Jackson, Stephanie M. 7; Gillam, Barbara 7; Chen, Weizu 7; Yan, Le 7; Higginbotham, Jamey 7; Cardenas, Marco 7; Waligorski, Jason 7; Applebaum, Elizabeth 7; Phelps, Lindsey 7; Falcone, Jason 7; Kanchi, Krishna 7; Thane, Thynn 7; Scimone, Adam 7; Thane, Nay 7; Henke, Jessica 7; Wang, Tom 7; Ruppert, Jessica 7; Shah, Neha 7; Rotter, Kelsi 7; Hodges, Jennifer 7; Ingenthron, Elizabeth 7; Cordes, Matt 7; Kohlberg, Sara 7; Sgro, Jennifer 7; Delgado, Brandon 7; Mead, Kelly 7; Chinwalla, Asif 7; Leonard, Shawn 7; Crouse, Kevin 7; Collura, Kristi 8; Kudrna, Dave 8; Currie, Jennifer 8; He, Ruifeng 8; Angelova, Angelina 8; Rajasekar, Shanmugam 8; Mueller, Teri 8; Lomeli, Rene 8; Scara, Gabriel 8; Ko, Ara 8; Delaney, Krista 8; Wissotski, Marina 8; Lopez, Georgina 8; Campos, David 8; Braidotti, Michele 8; Ashley, Elizabeth 8; Golser, Wolfgang 8; Kim, HyeRan 8; Lee, Seunghee 8; Lin, Jinke 8; Dujmic, Zeljko 8; Kim, Woojin 8; Talag, Jayson 8; Zuccolo, Andrea 8; Fan, Chuanzhu 8; Sebastian, Aswathy 8; Kramer, Melissa 6; Spiegel, Lori 6; Nascimento, Lidia 6; Zutavern, Theresa 6; Miller, Beth 6; Ambroise, Claude 6; Muller, Stephanie 6; Spooner, Will 6; Narechania, Apurva 6; Ren, Liya 6; Wei, Sharon 6; Kumari, Sunita 6; Faga, Ben 6; Levy, Michael J. 6; McMahan, Linda 6; Van Buren, Peter 6; Vaughn, Matthew W. 6; Ying, Kai 3; Yeh, Cheng-Ting 1,2; Emrich, Scott J. 9,10; Jia, Yi 3; Kalyanaraman, Ananth 9,11; Hsia, An-Ping 1,2; Barbazuk, Brad W. 12; Baucom, Regina S. 13; Brutnell, Thomas P. 14; Carpita, Nicholas C. 15; Chaparro, Cristian 16; Chia, Jer-Ming 6; Deragon, Jean-Marc 16; Estill, James C. 13,17; Fu, Yan 2,4; Jeddeloh, Jeffrey A. 18; Han, Yujun 13,17; Lee, Hyeran 19; Li, Pinghua 14; Lisch, Damon R. 20; Liu, Sanzhen 3; Liu, Zhijie 6; Nagel, Dawn Holligan 13,17; McCann, Maureen C. 21; SanMiguel, Phillip 22; Myers, Alan M. 23; Nettleton, Dan 24; Nguyen, John 25; Penning, Bryan W. 15,21; Ponnala, Lalit 26; Schneider, Kevin L. 27; Schwartz, David C. 28; Sharrna, Anupma 27; Soderlund, Carol 29; Springer, Nathan M. 30; Sun, Qi 26; Wang, Hao 13,17; Waterman, Michael 25; Westerman, Richard 22; Wolfgruber, Thomas K. 27; Yang, Lixing 13; Yu, Yeisoo 29; Zhang, Lifang 6; Zhou, Shiguo 28; Zhu, Qihui 13,17; Bennetzen, Jeffrey L. 13; Dawe, Kelly R. 13,17; Jiang, Jiming 19; Jiang, Ning 31; Presting, Gernot G. 27; Wessler, Susan R. 13,17; Aluru, Srinivas 1,9,32; Martienssen, Robert A. 6; Clifton, Sandra W. 7; McCombie, Richard W. 6; Wing, Rod A. 8; Wilson, Richard K. 7,33,++
[Report]
Science.
326(5956):1112-1115, November 20, 2009.
(Format: HTML, PDF)
: We report an improved draft nucleotide sequence of the 2.3-gigabase genome of maize, an important crop plant and model for biological research. Over 32,000 genes were predicted, of which 99.8% were placed on reference chromosomes. Nearly 85% of the genome is composed of hundreds of families of transposable elements, dispersed nonuniformly across the genome. These were responsible for the capture and amplification of numerous gene fragments and affect the composition, sizes, and positions of centromeres. We also report on the correlation of methylationpoor regions with Mu transposon insertions and recombination, and copy number variants with insertions and/or deletions, as well as how uneven gene losses between duplicated regions were involved in returning an ancient allotetraploid to a genetically diploid state. These analyses inform and set the stage for further investigations to improve our understanding of the domestication and agricultural improvements of maize.
Copyright (C) 2009 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science