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Objective: To determine whether levalbuterol resulted in fewer hospital admissions than racemic albuterol when used for treatment of acute asthma.

Study design: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted in the emergency department (ED) and inpatient asthma care unit of an urban tertiary children's hospital. Children age 1 to 18 years (n = 482) provided a total of 547 enrollments. Patients received a nebulized solution of either 2.5 mg racemic albuterol or 1.25 mg levalbuterol every 20 minutes (maximum six doses). Patients admitted to the asthma care unit were treated in a standardized fashion by using the same blinded drug assigned in the ED. Hospitalization rate was the primary outcome.

Results: Hospitalization rate was significantly lower in the levalbuterol group (36%) than in the racemic albuterol group (45 %, P = .02). The adjusted relative risk of admission in the racemic group compared with the levalbuterol group was 1.25 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.57). Hospital length of stay was not significantly shorter in the levalbuterol group (levalbuterol, 44.9 hours; racemic albuterol, 50.3 hours; P = .63). No significant adverse events occurred in either group.

Conclusions: Substituting levalbuterol for racemic albuterol in the ED management of acute asthma significantly reduced the number of hospitalizations. (J Pediatr 2003;143:731-6)

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