Relationship of Physical Activity and Television Watching With Body Weight and Level of Fatness Among Children: Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Andersen, Ross E. PhD; Crespo, Carlos J. DrPh, MS; Bartlett, Susan J. PhD; Cheskin, Lawrence J. MD; Pratt, Michael MD, MPH
[Article]
JAMA.
279(12):938-942, March 25, 1998.
(Format: HTML)
Context: Physical inactivity contributes to weight gain in adults, but whether this relationship is true for children of different ethnic groups is not well established.
Objective: To assess participation in vigorous activity and television watching habits and their relationship to body weight and fatness in US children.
Design: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and medical examination.
Setting and Participants: Between 1988 and 1994, 4063 children aged 8 through 16 years were examined as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups.
Main Outcome Measures: Episodes of weekly vigorous activity and daily hours of television watched, and their relationship to body mass index and body fatness.
Results: Eighty percent of US children reported performing 3 or more bouts of vigorous activity each week. This rate was lower in non-Hispanic black and Mexican American girls (69% and 73%, respectively). Twenty percent of US children participated in 2 or fewer bouts of vigorous activity per week, and the rate was higher in girls (26%) than in boys (17%). Overall, 26% of US children watched 4 or more hours of television per day and 67% watched at least 2 hours per day. Non-Hispanic black children had the highest rates of watching 4 or more hours of television per day (42%). Boys and girls who watch 4 or more hours of television each day had greater body fat (P<.001) and had a greater body mass index (P<.001) than those who watched less than 2 hours per day.
Conclusions: Many US children watch a great deal of television and are inadequately vigorously active. Vigorous activity levels are lowest among girls, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. Intervention strategies to promote lifelong physical activity among US children are needed to stem the adverse health consequences of inactivity.
JAMA.1998;279:938-942
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