The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge.
Schipper, Jan 1,2*; Chanson, Janice S. 1,2; Chiozza, Federica 3; Cox, Neil A. 1,2; Hoffmann, Michael 1,2; Katariya, Vineet 1; Lamoreux, John 1,4; Rodrigues, Ana S. L. 5,6; Stuart, Simon N. 1,2; Temple, Helen J. 7; Baillie, Jonathan 8; Boitani, Luigi 3; Lacher, Thomas E. Jr. 2,4; Mittermeier, Russell A. 2; Smith, Andrew T. 9; Absolon, Daniel 10; Aguiar, John M. 2,4; Amori, Giovanni 11; Bakkour, Noura 2,12; Baldi, Ricardo 13,14; Berridge, Richard J. 15; Bielby, Jon 8,16; Black, Patricia Ann 17; Blanc, J. Julian 18; Brooks, Thomas M. 2,19,20; Burton, James A. 21,22; Butynski, Thomas M. 23,24; Catullo, Gianluca 25; Chapman, Roselle 26; Cokeliss, Zoe 8; Collen, Ben 8; Conroy, Jim 27; Cooke, Justin G. 28; da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B. 29,30; Derocher, Andrew E. 31; Dublin, Holly T. 32; Duckworth, J. W. 33; Emmons, Louise 34; Emslie, Richard H. 35; Festa-Bianchet, Marco 36; Foster, Matt 2; Foster, Sabrina 37; Garshelis, David L. 38; Gates, Cormack 39; Gimenez-Dixon, Mariano 40; Gonzalez, Susana 41; Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando 42; Good, Tatjana C. 43; Hammerson, Geoffrey 44; Hammond, Philip S. 45; Happold, David 46; Happold, Meredith 46; Hare, John 47; Harris, Richard B. 48; Hawkins, Clare E. 49,50; Haywood, Mandy 51; Heaney, Lawrence R. 52; Hedges, Simon 33; Helgen, Kristofer M. 34; Hilton-Taylor, Craig 7; Hussain, Syed Ainul 53; Ishii, Nobuo 54; Jefferson, Thomas A. 55; Jenkins, Richard K. B. 56,57; Johnston, Charlotte H. 9; Keith, Mark 58; Kingdon, Jonathan 59; Knox, David H. 60; Kovacs, Kit M. 61,62; Langhammer, Penny 9; Leus, Kristin 63; Lewison, Rebecca 64; Lichtenstein, Gabriela 65; Lowry, Lloyd F. 66; Macavoy, Zoe 16; Mace, Georgina M. 16; Mallon, David P. 67; Masi, Monica 25; McKnight, Meghan W. 68; Medellin, Rodrigo A. 69; Medici, Patricia 70,71; Mills, Gus 72; Moehlman, Patricia D. 73; Molur, Sanjay 74,75; Mora, Arturo 76; Nowell, Kristin 77; Oates, John F. 78; Olech, Wanda 79; Oliver, William R. L. 80; Oprea, Monik 34; Patterson, Bruce D. 52; Perrin, William F. 55; Polidoro, Beth A. 1; Pollock, Caroline 7; Powel, Abigail 81; Protas, Yelizaveta 82; Racey, Paul 56; Ragle, Jim 1; Ramani, Pavithra 37; Rathbun, Galen 83; Reeves, Randall R. 84; Reilly, Stephen B. 55; Reynolds, John E. III 85; Rondinini, Carlo 3; Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace 86; Rulli, Monica 25; Rylands, Anthony B. 2; Savini, Simona 25; Schank, Cody J. 37; Sechrest, Wes 37; Self-Sullivan, Caryn 87; Shoemaker, Alan 88; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio 89; De Silva, Naamal 2; Smith, David E. 37; Srinivasulu, Chelmala 90; Stephenson, Peter J. 91; van Strien, Nico 92; Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar 93; Taylor, Barbara L. 55; Timmins, Rob 94; Tirira, Diego G. 95; Tognelli, Marcelo F. 96,97; Tsytsulina, Katerina 98; Veiga, Liza M. 99; Vie, Jean-Christophe 1; Williamson, Elizabeth A. 100; Wyatt, Sarah A. 2; Xie, Yan 101; Young, Bruce E. 44
[Article]
Science.
Clinical Trials and Tribulations. 322(5899):225-230, October 10, 2008.
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Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700 experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.
Copyright (C) 2008 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science