Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs and total body viral load in HIV-1 infection.
Chun, Tae-Wook; Carruth, Lucy; Finzi, Diana; Shen, Xuefei; DiGiuseppe, Joseph A.; Taylor, Harry; Hermankova, Monika; Chadwick, Karen; Margolick, Joseph; Quinn, Thomas C.; Kuo, Yen-Hong; Brookmeyer, Ronald; Zeiger, Martha A.; Barditch-Crovo, Patricia; Siliciano, Robert F.
[Letter] Nature. 387(6629):183-188, May 8, 1997.

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The capacity of HIV-1 to establish latent infection of CD4 sup T cells may allow viral persistence despite immune responses and anti-retroviral therapy. Measurements of infectious virus and viral RNA in plasma and of infectious virus, viral DNA and viral messenger RNA species in infected cells all suggest that HIV-1 replication continues throughout the course of infection. Uncertainty remains over what fraction of CD4 sup T cells are infected and whether there are latent reservoirs for the virus. We show here that during the asymptomatic phase of infection there is an extremely low total body load of latently infected resting CD4 sup T cells with replication-competent integrated provirus (<107 cells). The most prevalent form of HIV-1 DNA in resting and activated CD4 sup T cells is a full-length, linear, unintegrated form that is not replication competent. The infection progresses even though at any given time in the lymphoid tissues integrated HIV-1 DNA is present in only a minute fraction of the susceptible populations, including resting and activated CD4 sup T cells and macropages.

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