Cost-effectiveness of Practice-Initiated Quality Improvement for Depression: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Schoenbaum, Michael PhD; Unutzer, Jurgen MD, MPH; Sherbourne, Cathy PhD; Duan, Naihua PhD; Rubenstein, Lisa V. MD, MSHS; Miranda, Jeanne PhD; Meredith, Lisa S. PhD; Carney, Maureen F. MS; Wells, Kenneth MD, MPH
[Article]
JAMA.
286(11):1325-1330, September 19, 2001.
(Format: HTML)
Context: Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, but treatment rates in primary care are low.
Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective of 2 quality improvement (QI) interventions to improve treatment of depression in primary care and their effects on patient employment.
Design: Group-level randomized controlled trial conducted June 1996 to July 1999.
Setting: Forty-six primary care clinics in 6 community-based managed care organizations.
Participants: One hundred eighty-one primary care clinicians and 1356 patients with positive screening results for current depression.
Interventions: Matched practices were randomly assigned to provide usual care (n = 443 patients) or to 1 of 2 QI interventions offering training to practice leaders and nurses, enhanced educational and assessment resources, and either nurses for medication follow-up (QI-meds; n = 424 patients) or trained local psychotherapists (QI-therapy; n = 489). Practices could flexibly implement the interventions, which did not assign type of treatment.
Main Outcome Measures: Total health care costs, costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), days with depression burden, and employment over 24 months, compared between usual care and the 2 interventions.
Results: Relative to usual care, average health care costs increased $419 (11%) in QI-meds (P =.35) and $485 (13%) in QI-therapy (P =.28); estimated costs per QALY gained were between $15 331 and $36 467 for QI-meds and $9478 and $21 478 for QI-therapy; and patients had 25 (P =.19) and 47 (P =.01) fewer days with depression burden and were employed 17.9 (P =.07) and 20.9 (P =.03) more days during the study period.
Conclusions: Societal cost-effectiveness of practice-initiated QI efforts for depression is comparable with that of accepted medical interventions. The intervention effects on employment may be of particular interest to employers and other stakeholders.
JAMA.2001;286:1325-1330
Copyright 2001 by the American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use. American Medical Association, 515 N. State St, Chicago, IL 60610.
