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Abundant data support a key role for the transcription factor nuclear factor-[kappa]B (NF-[kappa]B) signaling pathway in controlling the initiation and progression of human cancer. NF-[kappa]B and associated regulatory proteins such as I[kappa]B kinase (IKK) are activated downstream of many oncoproteins and there is much evidence for the activation of NF-[kappa]B-dependent target genes in a variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which the NF-[kappa]B pathway is activated in cancer and on the oncogenic functions controlled by activated NF-[kappa]B. Additionally, the effects of NF-[kappa]B activation in tumors relative to cancer therapy are also discussed.

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