Influenza Vaccination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Adults: Impact on Plasma Levels of HIV Type 1 RNA and Determinants of Antibody Response.
Fuller, Jon D.; Craven, Donald E.; Steger, Kathleen A.; Cox, Nancy; Heeren, Timothy C.; Chernoff, David
[Article] Clinical Infectious Diseases. 28(3):541-547, March 1999.

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: We assessed the effect of influenza vaccination on plasma levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and the impact of age, plasma HIV-1 RNA level, CD4 cell count, and anti-HIV therapy on immune response. Forty-nine adults (mean age, 38.7 years; mean CD4 cell count /-SD, 190 /- 169/mL; mean plasma HIV-1 RNA level /- SD, 154,616 /- 317,192 copies/mL) were immunized. Elevations of >=0.48 log in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels occurred in two (4%) of 49 subjects within 4 weeks of vaccination. A fourfold or greater increase in antibody titer occurred in 13 (45%) of 29 subjects, correlating directly with CD4 cell count (P = .002) and inversely with plasma HIV-1 RNA level (P = .034). By multivariate analysis, CD4 cell count was a stronger predictor of antibody response than was plasma HIV-1 RNA level. We conclude that increases in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels following influenza vaccination are rare and transient and that antibody response is impaired with CD4 cell counts of <100/mL and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels of > 100,000 copies/mL. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate the impact of highly active therapy on immune response after vaccination.

(C) Copyright Oxford University Press 1999.