The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia.
Narasimhan, Vagheesh M. 1,*,+; Patterson, Nick 2,3,*,+; Moorjani, Priya ,4,5,++; Rohland, Nadin 1,2,++; Bernardos, Rebecca 1; Mallick, Swapan 1,2,6,++; Lazaridis, Iosif 1; Nakatsuka, Nathan ,1,7; Olalde, Inigo 1; Lipson, Mark 1; Kim, Alexander M. 1,8; Olivieri, Luca M. 9; Coppa, Alfredo 10; Vidale, Massimo 9,11; Mallory, James 12; Moiseyev, Vyacheslav 13; Kitov, Egor 14,15,16; Monge, Janet 17; Adamski, Nicole 1,6; Alex, Neel 18; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen 1,6,[S]; Candilio, Francesca 19,20; Callan, Kimberly 1,6; Cheronet, Olivia 19,21,22; Culleton, Brendan J. 23; Ferry, Matthew 1,6; Fernandes, Daniel 19,21,22,24; Freilich, Suzanne 22; Gamarra, Beatriz 19,21,25,||,[P]; Gaudio, Daniel 19,21; Hajdinjak, Mateja 26; Harney, Eadaoin 1,6,27; Harper, Thomas K. 28; Keating, Denise 19; Lawson, Ann Marie 1,6; Mah, Matthew 1,2,6; Mandl, Kirsten 22; Michel, Megan 1,6,#,**; Novak, Mario 19,29; Oppenheimer, Jonas 1,6,++; Rai, Niraj 30,31; Sirak, Kendra 1,19,32; Slon, Viviane 26; Stewardson, Kristin 1,6; Zalzala, Fatma 1,6; Zhang, Zhao 1; Akhatov, Gaziz 15; Bagashev, Anatoly N. 33; Bagnera, Alessandra 9; Baitanayev, Bauryzhan 15; Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio 34; Bissembaev, Arman A. 15,35; Bonora, Gian Luca 36; Chargynov, Temirlan T. 37; Chikisheva, Tatiana 38; Dashkovskiy, Petr K. 39; Derevianko, Anatoly 38; Dobes, Miroslav 40; Douka, Katerina 41,42; Dubova, Nadezhda 14; Duisengali, Meiram N. 35; Enshin, Dmitry 33; Epimakhov, Andrey 43,44; Fribus, Alexey V. 45; Fuller, Dorian 46,47; Goryachev, Alexander 33; Gromov, Andrey 13; Grushin, Sergey P. 48; Hanks, Bryan 49; Judd, Margaret 49; Kazizov, Erlan 15; Khokhlov, Aleksander 50; Krygin, Aleksander P. 51; Kupriyanova, Elena 52; Kuznetsov, Pavel 50; Luiselli, Donata 53; Maksudov, Farhod 54; Mamedov, Aslan M. 55; Mamirov, Talgat B. 15; Meiklejohn, Christopher 56; Merrett, Deborah C. 57; Micheli, Roberto 9,58; Mochalov, Oleg 50; Mustafokulov, Samariddin 54,59; Nayak, Ayushi 41; Pettener, Davide 60; Potts, Richard 61; Razhev, Dmitry 33; Rykun, Marina 62; Sarno, Stefania 60; Savenkova, Tatyana M. 63; Sikhymbaeva, Kulyan 64; Slepchenko, Sergey M. 33; Soltobaev, Oroz A. 37; Stepanova, Nadezhda 38; Svyatko, Svetlana 13,65; Tabaldiev, Kubatbek 66; Teschler-Nicola, Maria 22,67; Tishkin, Alexey A. 68; Tkachev, Vitaly V. 69; Vasilyev, Sergey 14,70; Veleminsky, Petr 71; Voyakin, Dmitriy 15,72; Yermolayeva, Antonina 15; Zahir, Muhammad 41,73; Zubkov, Valery S. 74; Zubova, Alisa 13; Shinde, Vasant S. 75; Lalueza-Fox, Carles 76; Meyer, Matthias 26; Anthony, David 77; Boivin, Nicole 41,++; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy 30,++; Kennett, Douglas J. ,,23,28,78,++; Frachetti, Michael 79,80,+; Pinhasi, Ron 19,22,+; Reich, David ,,,,,1,2,6,81,+
[Article]
Science.
365(6457), September 06, 2019.
(Format: HTML, PDF)
By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization's decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
Copyright (C) 2019 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science