The DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective.
Zhou, Bin-Bing S. *; Elledge, Stephen J. +
[Article] Nature. 408(6811):433-439, November 23, 2000.

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The inability to repair DNA damage properly in mammals leads to various disorders and enhanced rates of tumour development. Organisms respond to chromosomal insults by activating a complex damage response pathway. This pathway regulates known responses such as cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death), and has recently been shown to control additional processes including direct activation of DNA repair networks.

(C) 2000 Nature Publishing Group