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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the incidence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

STUDY DESIGN: HIV-seropositive and comparison seronegative women enrolled in a prospective US cohort study were followed up with semiannual Papanicolaou testing, with colposcopy for any abnormality. Histology results were retrieved to identify CIN3 (CIN3, adenocarcinoma in situ, and cancer) and CIN2 (CIN2 and CIN3 ). Annual detection rates were calculated and risks compared using a Cox analysis. Median follow-up (interquartile range) was 11.0 (5.4-17.2) years for HIV-seronegative and 9.9 (2.5-16.0) for HIV-seropositive women.

RESULTS: CIN3 was diagnosed in 139 HIV-seropositive (5%) and 19 HIV-seronegative women (2%) (P < .0001), with CIN2 in 316 (12%) and 34 (4%) (P < .0001). The annual CIN3 detection rate was 0.6 per 100 person-years in HIV-seropositive women and 0.2 per 100 person-years in seronegative women (P < .0001). The CIN3 detection rate fell after the first 2 years of study, from 0.9 per 100 person-years among HIV-seropositive women to 0.4 per 100 person-years during subsequent follow-up (P < .0001). CIN2 incidence among these women fell similarly with time, from 2.5 per 100 person-years during the first 2 years after enrollment to 0.9 per 100 person-years subsequently (P < .0001). In Cox analyses controlling for age, the hazard ratio for HIV-seropositive women with CD4 counts less than 200/cmm compared with HIV-seronegative women was 8.1 (95% confidence interval, 4.8-13.8) for CIN3 and 9.3 (95% confidence interval, 6.3-13.7) for CIN2 (P < .0001).

CONCLUSION: Although HIV-seropositive women have more CIN3 than HIV-seronegative women, CIN3 is uncommon and becomes even less frequent after the initiation of regular cervical screening.

(C) 2015Elsevier, Inc.