G-Protein Signaling Through Tubby Proteins.
Santagata, Sandro 1; Boggon, Titus J. 2; Baird, Cheryl L. 4; Gomez, Carlos A. 1; Zhao, Jin 2; Shan, Wei Song 3; Myszka, David G. 4; Shapiro, Lawrence 1,2*
[Article]
Science.
292(5524):2041-2050, June 15, 2001.
(Format: HTML)
Dysfunction of the tubby protein results in maturity-onset obesity in mice. Tubby has been implicated as a transcription regulator, but details of the molecular mechanism underlying its function remain unclear. Here we show that tubby functions in signal transduction from heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors. Tubby localizes to the plasma membrane by binding phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate through its carboxyl terminal "tubby domain." X-ray crystallography reveals the atomic-level basis of this interaction and implicates tubby domains as phosphorylated-phosphatidylinositol binding factors. Receptor-mediated activation of G protein [alpha]q (G[alpha]q) releases tubby from the plasma membrane through the action of phospholipase C-[beta], triggering translocation of tubby to the cell nucleus. The localization of tubby-like protein 3 (TULP3) is similarly regulated. These data suggest that tubby proteins function as membrane-bound transcription regulators that translocate to the nucleus in response to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, providing a direct link between G-protein signaling and the regulation of gene expression.
Copyright (C) 2001 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science