Long-Term Control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/Delta32 Stem-Cell Transplantation.
Hutter, Gero M.D.; Nowak, Daniel M.D.; Mossner, Maximilian B.S.; Ganepola, Susanne M.D.; Muig, Arne M.D. [latin sharp s]; Allers, Kristina Ph.D.; Schneider, Thomas M.D., Ph.D.; Hofmann, Jorg Ph.D.; Kucherer, Claudia M.D.; Blau, Olga M.D.; Blau, Igor W. M.D.; Hofmann, Wolf K. M.D.; Thiel, Eckhard M.D.
[Article] New England Journal of Medicine. 360(7):692-698, February 12, 2009.

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SUMMARY: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the presence of a CD4 receptor and a chemokine receptor, principally chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Homozygosity for a 32-bp deletion in the CCR5 allele provides resistance against HIV-1 acquisition. We transplanted stem cells from a donor who was homozygous for CCR5 delta32 in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and HIV-1 infection. The patient remained without viral rebound 20 months after transplantation and discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. This outcome demonstrates the critical role CCR5 plays in maintaining HIV-1 infection.

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