Information de reference pour ce titreAccession Number: | 00000820-200511000-00011.
|
Author: | Racette, Lyne PhD; Boden, Catherine PhD; Kleinhandler, Shannon L. BSc; Girkin, Christopher A. MD; Liebmann, Jeffrey M. MD; Zangwill, Linda M. PhD; Medeiros, Felipe A. MD; Bowd, Christopher PhD; Weinreb, Robert N. MD; Wilson, M. Roy MD; Sample, Pamela A. PhD
|
Institution: | Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Visual Function Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Drs Racette, Boden, Zangwill, Medeiros, Bowd, Weinreb, and Sample and Ms Kleinhandler); and Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (Dr Girkin), New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York (Dr Liebmann), and Texas Tech University, Lubbock (Dr Wilson).
|
Title: | |
Source: | Archives of Ophthalmology. 123(11):1547-1553, November 2005.
|
Abstract: | Objective: To investigate differences in visual function, optic disc topography, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between healthy eyes of blacks and whites.
Methods: Visual function was assessed in healthy eyes of 50 blacks and 50 whites using standard automated perimetry, short-wavelength automated perimetry, and frequency doubling technology perimetry. Optic disc topography and RNFL thickness were measured using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph and the optical coherence tomograph.
Results: Mean standard automated perimetry mean deviations were within the normal range for both groups. Blacks had worse mean deviation values than whites using frequency doubling technology perimetry (mean +/- SD, -1.8 +/- 3.2 dB vs -0.1 +/- 2.4 dB), blacks had larger optic disc areas than whites using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (mean +/- SD, 2.1 +/- 0.4 mm2 vs 1.7 +/- 0.4 mm2), the RNFL of blacks was thicker than that of whites by 16.91 [mu]m superiorly and 10.10 [mu]m inferiorly using optical coherence tomography, and blacks had slightly higher intraocular pressures than whites (mean +/- SD, 16.5 +/- 2.5 mm Hg vs 15.2 +/- 3.2 mm Hg) and thinner central corneas (mean +/- SD, 540.5 +/- 43.2 [mu]m vs 560.9 +/- 35.5 [mu]m). No racial differences were found in mean RNFL thickness, pattern standard deviation on all tests, or any of the short-wavelength automated perimetry variables.
Conclusions: Minimal racial differences in visual function were found, but race significantly affected optic disc topography and superior and inferior RNFL thickness measurements in healthy eyes. The racial differences observed for intraocular pressure could theoretically increase after correcting for central corneal thickness. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate these findings.
Copyright 2005 by the American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use. American Medical Association, 515 N. State St, Chicago, IL 60610.
|
Author Keywords: | Blacks; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Intraocular Pressure; Optic Nerve; Race; Risk Factors.
|
References: | 1. Thylefors B, Negrel AD, Pararajasegaram R. Epidemiologic aspects of global blindness prevention. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1992;3:824-834.
2. Racette L, Wilson MR, Zangwill LM, Weinreb RN, Sample PA. Primary open-angle glaucoma in blacks: a review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003;48:295-313.
3. Sommer A, Tielsch JM, Katz J, et al. Racial differences in the cause-specific prevalence of blindness in east Baltimore. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1412-1417.
4. Tielsch JM, Sommer A, Katz J, Royall RM, Quigley HA, Javitt J. Racial variations in the prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma: the Baltimore Eye Survey. JAMA. 1991;266:369-374.
5. Wilensky JT, Gandhi N, Pan T. Racial influences in open-angle glaucoma. Ann Ophthalmol. 1978;10:1398-1402.
6. Martin MJ, Sommer A, Gold EB, Diamond AL. Race and primary open-angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;99:383-387.
7. Wallace J, Lovell HG. Glaucoma and intraocular pressure in Jamaica. Am J Ophthalmol. 1969;67:93-100.
8. Munoz B, West SK, Rubin GS, et al. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in a population of older Americans: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:819-825.
9. Grant WM, Burke JFJ. Why do some people go blind from glaucoma? Ophthalmology. 1982;89:991-998.
10. Hiller R, Kahn HA. Blindness from glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975;80:62-69.
11. Wilson R, Richardson TM, Hertzmark E, Grant WM. Race as a risk factor for progressive glaucomatous damage. Ann Ophthalmol. 1985;17:653-659.
12. Chi T, Ritch R, Stickler D, Pitman B, Tsai C, Hsieh FY. Racial differences in optic nerve head parameters. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:836-839.
13. Mansour AM. Racial variation of optic disc size. Ophthalmic Res. 1991;23:67-72.
14. Varma R, Tielsch JM, Quigley HA, et al. Race-, age-, gender-, and refractive error-related differences in the normal optic disc. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:1068-1076.
15. Tsai CS, Zangwill L, Gonzalez C, et al. Ethnic differences in optic nerve head topography. J Glaucoma. 1995;4:248-257.
16. Zangwill LM, Weinreb RN, Berry CC, et al. Racial differences in optic disc topography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:22-28.
17. Girkin CA, McGwin G Jr, Long C, DeLeon-Ortega J, Graf CM, Everett AW. Subjective and objective optic nerve assessment in African Americans and whites. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:2272-2278.
18. Weinreb RN, Lusky M, Bartsch DU, Morsman D. Effect of repetitive imaging on topographic measurements of the optic nerve head. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993;111:636-638.
19. Zangwill LM, Bowd C, Weinreb RN. Evaluating the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma II. Semin Ophthalmol. 2000;15:206-220.
20. Bowd C, Weinreb RN, Williams JM, Zangwill LM. The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in ocular hypertensive, normal, and glaucomatous eyes with optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:22-26.
21. Zangwill LM, Bowd C, Berry CC, et al. Discriminating between normal and glaucomatous eyes using Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer, and Optical Coherence Tomograph. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:985-993.
22. Bengtsson B, Heijl A. Comparing significance and magnitude of glaucomatous visual field defects using the SITA and Full Threshold strategies. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77:143-146.
23. Perneger TV. What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. BMJ. 1998;316:1236-1238.
24. Savitz DA, Olshan AF. Multiple comparisons and related issues in the interpretation of epidemiologic data. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;142:904-908.
25. Beck RW, Messner DK, Musch DC, Martonyi CL, Lichter PR. Is there a racial difference in physiologic cup size? Ophthalmology. 1985;92:873-876.
26. Kroninger DL, Newcomb RD. Clinical investigation of the cup/disc ratio. J Am Optom Assoc. 1984;55:54-57.
27. Poinoosawmy D, Fontana L, Wu JX, Fitzke FW, Hitchings RA. Variation of nerve fibre layer thickness measurements with age and ethnicity by scanning laser polarimetry. Br J Ophthalmol. 1997;81:350-354.
28. Tjon-Fo-Sang MJ, Lemij HG. Retinal nerve fiber layer measurements in normal black subjects as determined with scanning laser polarimetry. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:78-81.
29. Rubin GS, West SK, Munoz B, et al. A comprehensive assessment of visual impairment in a population of older Americans: the SEE Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:557-568.
30. Gordon MO, Kass MA. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: design and baseline description of the participants. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:573-583.
31. Sample PA, Weinreb RN. Color perimetry for assessment of primary open-angle glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990;31:1869-1875.
32. Sample PA, Weinreb RN. Progressive color visual field loss in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:2068-2071.
33. Johnson CA, Samuels SJ. Screening for glaucomatous visual field loss with frequency-doubling perimetry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:413-425.
34. Sample PA, Bosworth CF, Blumenthal EZ, Girkin C, Weinreb RN. Visual function-specific perimetry for indirect comparison of different ganglion cell populations in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:1783-1790.
35. David R, Livingston D, Luntz MH. Ocular hypertension: a comparative follow-up of black and white patients. Br J Ophthalmol. 1978;62:676-678.
36. Coulehan JL, Helzlsouer KJ, Rogers KD, Brown SI. Racial differences in intraocular tension and glaucoma surgery. Am J Epidemiol. 1980;111:759-768.
37. Seddon JM, Schwartz B, Flowerdew G. Case-control study of ocular hypertension. Arch Ophthalmol. 1983;101:891-894.
38. Klein BE, Klein R. Intraocular pressure and cardiovascular risk variables. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99:837-839.
39. Sommer A, Tielsch JM, Katz J, et al. Relationship between intraocular pressure and primary open angle glaucoma among white and black Americans. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:1090-1095.
40. Johnson M, Kass MA, Moses RA, Grodzki WJ. Increased corneal thickness simulating elevated intraocular pressure. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978;96:664-665.
41. Hansen FK. A clinical study of the normal human central corneal thickness. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1971;49:82-89.
42. Dohadwala AA, Munger R, Damji KF. Positive correlation between Tono-Pen intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:1849-1854.
43. Brandt JD, Beisere JA, Kass MA, Gordon MO. Central corneal thickness in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS). Ophthalmology. 2001;108:1779-1788.
44. La Rosa FA, Gross RL, Orengo-Nania S. Central corneal thickness of Caucasians and African Americans in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous populations. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:23-27.
|
Language: | English.
|
Document Type: | Clinical Sciences.
|
Journal Subset: | Clinical Medicine.
|
ISSN: | 0003-9950
|
NLM Journal Code: | 7706534, 830
|
Annotation(s) | |
|
|