Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
Giaever, Guri 1; Chu, Angela M. 2; Ni, Li 3; Connelly, Carla 4; Riles, Linda 5; Veronneau, Steeve 6; Dow, Sally 7; Lucau-Danila, Ankuta 8; Anderson, Keith 1; Andre, Bruno 9; Arkin, Adam P. 10; Astromoff, Anna 2; El Bakkoury, Mohamed 11; Bangham, Rhonda 3; Benito, Rocio 12; Brachat, Sophie 13; Campanaro, Stefano 14; Curtiss, Matt 5; Davis, Karen 1; Deutschbauer, Adam 2; Entian, Karl-Dieter 15; Flaherty, Patrick 10,16; Foury, Francoise 8; Garfinkel, David J. 17; Gerstein, Mark 18; Gotte, Deanna 17; Guldener, Ulrich 19; Hegemann, Johannes H. 19; Hempel, Svenja 15; Herman, Zelek 1; Jaramillo, Daniel F. 1; Kelly, Diane E. 20; Kelly, Steven L. 20; Kotter, Peter 15; LaBonte, Darlene 3; Lamb, David C. 20; Lan, Ning 18; Liang, Hong 2; Liao, Hong 3; Liu, Lucy 3; Luo, Chuanyun 3; Lussier, Marc 6; Mao, Rong 4; Menard, Patrice 6; Ooi, Siew Loon 4; Revuelta, Jose L. 12; Roberts, Christopher J. 7; Rose, Matthias 15; Ross-Macdonald, Petra 3; Scherens, Bart 11; Schimmack, Greg 7; Shafer, Brenda 17; Shoemaker, Daniel D. 2; Sookhai-Mahadeo, Sharon 4; Storms, Reginald K. 21; Strathern, Jeffrey N. 17; Valle, Giorgio 14; Voet, Marleen 22; Volckaert, Guido 22; Wang, Ching-yun 17; Ward, Teresa R. 7; Wilhelmy, Julie 5; Winzeler, Elizabeth A. 2; Yang, Yonghong 3; Yen, Grace 2; Youngman, Elaine 4; Yu, Kexin 4; Bussey, Howard 6; Boeke, Jef D. 4; Snyder, Michael 3; Philippsen, Peter 13; Davis, Ronald W. 1,2; Johnston, Mark 5
[Article]
Nature.
418(6896):387-391, July 25, 2002.
(Format: HTML, PDF)
Determining the effect of gene deletion is a fundamental approach to understanding gene function. Conventional genetic screens exhibit biases, and genes contributing to a phenotype are often missed. We systematically constructed a nearly complete collection of gene-deletion mutants (96% of annotated open reading frames, or ORFs) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DNA sequences dubbed 'molecular bar codes' uniquely identify each strain, enabling their growth to be analysed in parallel and the fitness contribution of each gene to be quantitatively assessed by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. We show that previously known and new genes are necessary for optimal growth under six well-studied conditions: high salt, sorbitol, galactose, pH 8, minimal medium and nystatin treatment. Less than 7% of genes that exhibit a significant increase in messenger RNA expression are also required for optimal growth in four of the tested conditions. Our results validate the yeast gene-deletion collection as a valuable resource for functional genomics.
(C) 2002 Nature Publishing Group