High-Dose Melphalan and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Patients with AL Amyloidosis: An 8-Year Study.
Skinner, Martha MD; Sanchorawala, Vaishali MD; Seldin, David C. MD, PhD; Dember, Laura M. MD; Falk, Rodney H. MD; Berk, John L. MD; Anderson, Jennifer J. PhD; O'Hara, Carl MD; Finn, Kathleen T. RN, NP; Libbey, Caryn A. MD; Wiesman, Janice MD; Quillen, Karen MD; Swan, Niall MD; Wright, Daniel G. MD
[Article]
Annals of Internal Medicine.
140(2):85-93, January 20, 2004.
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Background: AL amyloidosis is a fatal disease resulting from tissue deposition of amyloid fibrils derived from monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains. Treatment with oral chemotherapy is minimally effective.
Objective: To test survival and organ response in a large sample of patients treated with high-dose intravenous melphalan (100 to 200 mg/m2) and autologous blood stem-cell transplantation.
Design: 8-year longitudinal analysis of clinical effectiveness.
Setting: University-affiliated specialty referral clinic.
Patients: 701 consecutive new patients with AL amyloidosis.
Intervention: High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for patients who met eligibility requirements based on organ involvement and clinical status.
Measurements: Survival analysis of all patients evaluated and a detailed analysis of treatment outcome in the subgroup that received high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation.
Results: Among 701 patients with AL amyloidosis, 394 (56%) were eligible for high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation; 82 did not proceed with treatment because of patient choice or disease progression. Median survival of the 312 patients who initiated treatment was 4.6 years. A complete hematologic response, defined as no evidence of an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia 1 year after treatment, was achieved in 40% of patients and was associated with prolonged survival. Statistically significant improvements occurred in end-organ disease and were greater in patients with a complete hematologic response. Mortality rate within 100 days of treatment with high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation was 13%; patients with cardiomyopathy had the highest mortality rates.
Conclusions: Treatment of selected patients with AL amyloidosis by using high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation resulted in hematologic remission, improved 5-year survival, and reversal of amyloid-related disease in a substantial proportion.
(C) 2004 American College of Physicians